Index
Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations and maps. Page numbers beginning with 463 refer to end notes.
Acebes, Hector, 448
sub-Saharan, 200
African Genesis (Ardrey), 208
African tribes, 381 , 441 , 468
agricultural revolution, 333
slash-and-burn, 295 –96, 304
see also gardens
Albert, Bruce, 396
Alexander, Richard D., 229 , 338 , 389 , 391 , 486
Allais, Maria Luisa, 410 , 411 , 413
aluminum boat (voladora) , 360 , 479
Amazon Basin, 1 , 32 , 106 , 109 , 164 , 199 –200, 219 , 266 , 295
dangers of life in, 22 , 87 , 88 , 100 , 117 , 120 , 122 –27, 169 , 187 –92
dry season in, 4 , 17 , 70 , 74 , 178 , 187 , 308
dual organization societies in, 322 –23
gallery forests of, 304
native trails and camp sites in, 146 –49, 160 –61
palm tree species of, 71 , 72 , 121 , 345 –46
pre-Columbian era in, 125
rainy season in, 74 , 88 , 95 , 106 , 160 , 170 , 174 –75, 178
tropical jungle of, 34 , 40 –49, 70 –71, 74 , 127 , 193 , 286 , 304 , 393 , 412
unexplored regions of, 195 , 205
Amazonian Indians, 43 –44, 110 , 199 –200, 296 , 298 , 323 , 393 , 435 –36
Amazonian languages, 266
Amazon River, 125 , 177 –78, 204 , 302 , 312
American Anthropological Association (AAA), 383 –85, 396 –97, 426 –27, 438 –46, 471 , 496
allegations against NC investigated by, 439 –55
Ethics Committee of, 395 –96, 442 –43
Final Report of, 449 –51
1994 meetings of, 428 –29
Peacock Committee of, 442 –44, 454
2000 meetings of, 439 –42, 456 –57
2001 meetings of, 440
American Anthropologist, 450 , 496
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 385 –86, 392 , 401
American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 486
American Indians, see Native Americans
American Journal of Epidemiology, 444
post-Columbian era in, 296
pre-Columbian era in, 125 , 214 –16
Amiana Mountain, 271 –72
Andes Mountains, 125 , 306 , 311 –12, 481
anthropology, 1 , 3 –4, 15 , 66 –67, 177 , 315 , 378 –403
activism and advocacy in, 205 , 393 , 394 , 403
“barefoot,” 401 –2, 456
biological, 381 , 385 , 402
Brazilian, 205 , 395 –98, 434 –35, 453
cultural, 28 –32, 35 , 130 , 208 , 218 , 224 –25, 232 , 277 , 327 –28, 378 , 379 –86, 389 –91, 395 –403, 423 –54
definition of, 29
ethology and animal behavior in literature of, 208
evolutionary, 208 –9, 454
as “forensic activity,” 400 , 453
founding figures in, 380
genealogical method in, 207
materialistic, deterministic view of, 31 , 311 , 337 –38, 386
medical discipline vs., 200
native rights activism and, 205 , 393 , 394
new American directions in, 398 –402
opposition to NC in, 27 –31, 205 –6, 209 , 230 , 261 , 275 , 277 –78, 392 –97, 412 , 418 , 422 –55
physical, 209 , 383 , 398 , 452
politics and controversy in, 6 –9, 205 –6, 208 –9, 382 –97, 402 –3, 423 –54
postmodernism in, 399 –403, 488
radicals of the “Academic Left” in, 400 , 418 , 422 , 426 , 435
scientific, 26 , 208 –9, 383 , 398 –400, 452 –54, 488
social, 98 , 399
structuralist approach in, 318
study of, 15 , 18 , 21 , 22 , 98 , 337 , 338 , 381
sway of the Thought Police in, 28 –32, 130 , 232
Venezuelan, 204 –6, 410 , 418 , 456
zoological perspective in, 207 –8
Anthropology Newsletter, 396 –97, 401 , 426 –27, 434 , 488
Antonio, 173 –74
Aramamisi käkö Mountain, 303
Arapesh Indians, 475
arapuri tree, 162
Arawakan tribes, 216
Arawak language, 216
evidence of massacres in, 214 –16, 297
evidence of wars over women in, 214 , 216 –18
Ardrey, Robert, 208
Arikara Indians, 215
Arizona State University, 456 , 494
armadillo (obo) , 182 –84, 186 , 187
Army, U.S., 109
arrow point cases (toras) , 166 , 167
arrow points (rahaka) , 89 –90, 96 , 167
adari, 230
curare, 184 , 185
Asch, Timothy, 211 –12, 404 –5, 405 , 444 , 446 , 447 , 471 , 485 , 488
atheism, 103
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), U.S., 197 –98, 437
Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission of, 197
At Play in the Fields of the Lord (Matthiessen), 39
Australia, 10
aborigines of, 216 –17
as English penal colony, 216
wars over women in, 216 –17
Ax Fight, The (film), 405 , 489
Aztecs, 482
Baker, Paul, 383
Bäkotawä, 143 –45, 147 –48, 156 , 158 –61, 166 , 170 , 174
NC’s boat and supplies stolen by, 159 –61, 163 , 171 , 173
Barash, David, 389
Baré Indians, 44
Barker, James P., 16 –21, 17 , 23 , 25 , 35 , 39 , 99 –100, 109 –11, 118 –19, 121 , 186 , 262 , 273 , 340 , 448
family living in the field with, 119 , 126
Yanomamö dictionary developed by, 102 , 469
Barlow, George W., 386
BBC/Nova film project, 408 –10
Belém, 178
Berno, José, 101 –2, 112 –15, 213
Bilateral Cross Cousin Marriage (BCCM), 327
Biocca, Ettore, 261 , 267 , 477
biology, 9 , 338 , 381 , 390 , 391 , 392 , 402
of ecosystems, 309
evolution and, 29 –30, 31 , 463 –64
field, 277
human behavior and, 28 –30, 383 , 384
theoretical, 181 –82, 223 , 378 , 383 , 385
see also sociobiology
Bisaasi-teri, 16 –17, 20 , 23 , 40 –41, 56 , 59 –66, 68 –70, 72 , 74 –75, 78 –79, 91 , 94 , 98 , 111 –12, 116 –18, 131 –38, 141 , 147 , 151 , 160 –61, 163 , 171 –74, 179 , 180 , 182 –87, 210 , 261 , 263 , 272 –73, 279 –80, 282 –83, 293 , 447
see also Lower Bisaasi-teri; Upper Bisaasi-teri
Bisheiwä, 73
black birds (kobari) , 148
Boa Vista, 432 –34
Boca Mavaca (Yababuji), 17 , 492
Boca Ocamo, 110
Bookona Falls, 284 , 285 , 290
Boraböwä, attempt to kill NC by, 292 –93, 364
Börösöwä, 146 , 290 , 293 , 479
Bórtoli, José, 377 , 379 , 406 –8, 416 , 428 –29, 470
Bothrops snakes, 189
Brasilia, 434
Amazonas State in, 308
cattle ranches and land development in, 205
illegal gold mining (garimpeiros) in, 205 , 304 , 393 –95, 405 , 415 , 418 , 441 , 484 , 487 –88, 490
maps of, 176 –79, 265 –66
Matto Grosso region of, 199
military coup in, 32 , 34
1987 gold rush in, 441
rain forest destruction in, 393
Roraima State in, 140 , 199 , 308 , 432 –35
threats to Yanomamö life in, 205 , 393
Yanomamö villages in, 1 , 2 , 5 , 139 –40, 194 , 199 –205, 224 , 296 , 304 , 308 –10, 393 , 396 –97, 412 , 429 , 431 –35, 441
Brazilian Anthropological Association (ABA), 395 –98
Brazilian Indian Service (FUNAI), 393 , 431 –35, 496
Brazilian military, 266
Brewer-Carías, Charles, 36 , 409 , 411 –15, 418 –19, 421 –22, 424 –25, 427 , 429 , 431 , 442 , 444 , 446 , 489 , 491
Bromley, Myron, 473
Brooke, James, 489
Brown, Andrew, 493
brown bears, 325
Brush, Steven, 391
Bublath, Joachim, 404
Buckley, William, 216 –17
butterflies, 117
cacao trees, 344
caimans (iwa) , 172 , 173 , 187 , 291
Caldera, Rafael, 456
California, University of, 391
at Berkeley, 400 , 401
at Los Angeles, 465
at San Diego, 400 –401
at Santa Barbara, 423 , 425 –26, 430 –31, 434 –35, 437 , 441 , 442 , 444 –45
Cambridge University, 42 , 377 , 468 –69, 478
camping trips (waiyumö) , 182 –87
Canada, 111
capitalism, 30 , 107 , 318 , 382 , 400
Cappelletti, Enzo, 423 –24, 426 –27, 428 , 430 , 492
Caracas, 4 , 36 , 44 , 100 –101, 105 , 108 , 117 , 127 –29, 204 , 211 , 281 , 282 , 377 , 379 , 409 , 417
U.S. Embassy in, 435 –36
Cardozo, Jesus, 425 –26, 436 –37, 440 , 494
Caribbean Sea, 216
Carib language, 16 , 107 , 109 , 216
Carneiro, Robert L., 311 –12, 480 , 481 –82
Carneiro da Cunha, Maria Manuela, 396 , 397
Catrimani, 396
Catrimani River, 396
Caura River, 204
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S., 445
Century of Controversy, A: Ethnological Issues from 1860 to 1960 (Service), 206 –7
Chagnon, Carlene, 16 , 35 , 99 –100, 105 –6, 437
letters and calls of NC to, 25 –26, 101 –2
living in the field with NC, 116 –18, 120 , 122 –24, 127 –29, 469
Yanomamö contact with, 118
Chagnon, Darius, 16 , 35 , 99 –100, 105 –6, 116 –18, 120 , 122 , 124 , 126 –28
Chagnon, Lisa, 16 , 35 , 99 –100, 105 –6, 116 –18, 120 –22, 124 , 126 –28
Chagnon, Napoleon (grandfather), 95
Chagnon, Napoleon A., 17 , 103 , 405
aborted Nova/BBC film project and, 408 –10
academic and political opposition to, 27 –31, 205 –6, 209 , 230 , 261 , 275 , 277 –78, 392 –97, 412 , 418 , 422 –55
atheism of, 103
bark canoe made by, 161 –70, 168
blood samples collected by, 192 , 281 –83, 289 , 292 , 360 –70
census taking by, 60 , 64 –65, 113 , 156 –57, 182 , 224 , 416 , 485
cooking by, 23 –25, 170 , 172 , 173
denial of research permit to, 410 –11, 413
documentary films of, 115 –16, 211 , 212 , 390 , 404 –5, 407 –8, 444 , 447 , 476 , 485 , 488 –89
education of, 9 , 18 , 21 , 22 , 27 –29, 31 , 33 , 34 , 37 –39, 42 , 53 , 69 , 98 , 99 , 140 , 179 , 197 –99, 337 , 338
extended family of, 329 , 452
faculty positions of, 36 –37, 197 , 199 , 360 , 383 , 423 , 425 –26, 430 –31, 437
family briefly living in the field with, 116 –24, 469
genealogies collected by, 48 –49, 52 , 55 –67, 72 , 113 , 142 , 206 –8, 209 , 288 , 294 , 303 , 327 –28, 379 –80, 406 , 408 , 415 , 432
guns of, 60 , 78 , 148 , 149 , 158 , 159 –60, 172 , 173 , 187 –88, 190 , 281 –82, 343 , 363 , 444
hut built by, 116 , 118 –21, 124 –27, 135 , 177 , 178 , 210
illnesses of, 92 , 142 –43, 173 , 285 –90
maintaining hygiene in the field by, 21 –25, 120 , 406
mapmaking efforts of, 177 , 179 , 201 , 284
medical knowledge of, 90 –91, 354 –55
NIMH grant of, 32 , 33 , 105 , 197 –99, 390 –91, 437 , 465
1968 expedition of, 440 , 444
1986 expedition of, 235 –39
1998, expedition of, 435 –37
photography of, 60 , 64 , 102 , 115 –16, 118 , 193 –94, 211 , 288 –89, 364 –66, 404 –5, 407 , 432
publications of, 12 –13, 27 –28, 30 , 209 , 223 , 233 , 273 –78, 392 –95, 408 , 423 , 424 , 428 , 434 , 438 , 448 –49, 464
recurring dreams of, 42 –43, 371
repudiation of allegations against, 446
sabotage of research trips of, 410 –11, 413 , 431 –33, 436 –37, 456
scandal and investigation surrounding work of, 437 –56
stress of allegations against, 446
supplies of, 142 –46, 159 , 163 , 167 –68, 171
Yanomamö name for (Shakiwä) , 153 , 489
Chicago, University of, 30 , 397
chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) , 325
Chronicle of Higher Education, 400 , 449 , 494
Chumash Indians, 257
Church in Amazonas, The (journal), 408 , 417 , 418
Cincinnati, University of, 435 –36
Civil War, U.S., 258
Claremont College System (Pitzer College), 456 , 496
clubs, 254 –57
himo, 255 , 257 , 476
nabrushi, 254 –55, 476
Cocco, Luigi, 4 , 101 –5, 101 , 111 , 113 –14, 116 , 209 , 212 –13, 261 , 266 , 267 , 281 , 376 –77, 404 –7, 470 –71, 477
airstrip commissioned by, 196 –97, 404
death of, 377
murder of colleague proposed by, 104 –5
Cockburn, Alexander, 474
cockroaches, 124
Collor de Mello, Fernando, 412
colonialism, 30 , 38 , 381 , 382 , 417 , 457
Columbia University, 344 , 386 , 476
Columbus, Christopher, 214 , 296 , 472
Congo, 181
Conquista del Sur, 490
cooking platform (babracot) , 184 , 186
Corry, Stephen, 441
cousins:
cross, 324 –27, 331 –32, 340 , 466 , 469 , 483
marriage of, 324 –27, 331 –32
parallel, 324 , 325
Craig, Nathan, 480
creoles, 43 –44, 178 , 204 , 424
Crow Creek Indians, 214 –16, 472
Curtis, Edward S., 45
D’Antonio, Michael, 493
Darkness in El Dorado: How Scientists and Journalists Devastated the Amazon (Tierney), 438 –39, 442 –43, 445 –46, 448 –52, 454 –57, 480 , 493
Darwin, Charles, 28 –29, 31 , 32 , 208 , 277 , 338 , 384 , 395 , 486 –87
Darwin Wars, The (Brown), 493
Dawkins, Richard, 378 , 386 , 463 –64, 487
Dawson, Joe, 262
Dawson Mission, 230
Dead Birds (film), 219
Dedeheiwä, 185 , 218 , 273 , 309 , 353 –56, 361 –62, 361 , 364 –67, 370 –72
NC’s relationship with, 372 , 485
Delaney, Donald, 428 –30
DeLucia, Dante, 406 –7
demography, 392
Derrida, Jacques, 399
Diamond, Jared, 306
Diamond, Norma, 30
diarrhea, 100 , 280 , 285 , 287 , 289 , 292
Dickemann, Mildred, 389
“Diego factor” genetic marker, 34
Direccion de Asuntos Indigenas, 456 –57
dirty tricks (nomohoris) , 226 , 259 –73, 352 , 372 , 448 , 478
Dokonawä, 287
Don Teodoro, 101 –2
Dreger, Alice, 432 , 454 –55, 493 , 495 , 496
dugout canoes, 3 , 16 , 44 , 89 , 100 , 114 , 135 , 138 , 143 –45, 161 , 163 , 171 –72, 177 , 180 , 209 , 371
dwarfs, achondroplastic, 244
Ebola virus, 441
ecology, 381
evolutionary, 482
effigy (no owa) , 80 , 81 , 87 , 293
egalitarianism, 53 , 91 , 229 , 337 –38, 483
Eguillor, Maria, 408
electric eels (yahediba) , 169
Elementary Systems of Kinship, The (Lévi-Strauss), 326 , 483
elitism, 382
English language, 23 , 40 , 42 –43, 379
environments of evolutionary adaptedness (EEA), 98
Environments of History (ARE), 98 , 229
Esmeralda airstrip, 106 –7, 113 , 127 –28, 176 , 202 , 211
ethnography, 219 –20, 336 , 407 , 426
“salvage,” 380
theoretical biology vs., 385
ethology, 208
evolution:
anthropological study and, 208 –9, 454
behavioral, 228 –29, 390
biological, 29 –30, 31 , 463 –64
culture vs., 207 –8
fundamentalist religious approach to, 384
by natural selection, 28 –29, 31 , 208 , 221 , 378 , 384 , 386 , 395
organic, 29
political, 11 –12, 332
reproductive conflict and, 333
social and cultural, 8 , 12 , 29 , 95 , 207 –8, 322 , 326 –27, 332
theories of, 9 , 28 –29, 31 , 208 , 221 , 338 , 379 , 382 , 384 , 395 , 486 –87
warfare and, 332
Evolutionary Anthropology Society, 453
Evolutionary Biology (Chagnon and Irons), 486
Evolutionary Biology and Human Social Organization: An Anthropological Perspective, 385
Evolutionary Psychology, 441
Evolution of Political Society, The (Fried), 486
Feast, The (film), 211 , 212 , 447
Federal University of Roraima (UFR), 434 –35
Ferguson, R. B., 474
“Fierce People, The” (Chagnon), 394 , 441
Finkers, Hermano, 414 –15, 491
food, 295 –97
cooking of, 297 –98
pollution of, 92
shortage of, 304 , 305
see also agriculture; game hunting; gardens
Fortune, Reo, 475
Foucault, Michel, 399
Foundation for the Families of Farmers and Indians (Fundafaci), 411 –12
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), 430
French Guiana, 178
Fried, Morton H., 29 , 338 , 484 , 486
Gaceta Oficial de Venezuela, 419 , 491
game hunting, 177 , 180 –88, 231 , 297 , 310 , 315 , 343 –45
gamma globulin, 204 , 209 , 210 , 472
Garcia, Esperanza, 105
gardens, 49 , 63 , 71 , 73 , 76 , 77 , 77 , 85 , 111 , 147 , 157 , 160 , 267 , 303 –4, 466
abandoned, 49 , 180 , 182 , 189 , 290
absence of, 374 , 375 , 376
clearing of, 45 , 72 , 272 , 304 , 307 , 309 , 468
flooding of, 305
food cultivated in, 148 , 214 –15, 295 –300, 305 , 306
foraging in, 148 , 149
moving to, 49 , 85
Geertz, Clifford James, 378
Gê language family, 32 , 33 , 199
see also Chagnon, Napoleon A., genealogies collected by
genetics, 33 –34, 388 –90, 402 , 483
theoretical, 381 –82
German language, 37 , 43 , 466
Germany, Federal Republic of, 404 –5
gnats (bareto) , 17 –18, 21 , 100 , 106 , 117 –18, 125 , 464
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 42
gold miners (garimpeiros) , 205 , 304 , 393 –95
gospel songs, 203
Gould, Stephen J., 487
Great Britain, 399
Gregor, Thomas, 450
grief, 56 , 75 , 80 , 97 , 120 , 374 –76
Gross, Daniel, 450
Gross, Paul, 400 , 401 –2, 455 –56
Guardian (London), 439
Guyana, 178
Hagen, Ed, 444
hallucinogenic drug (ebene) , 19 –20, 96 –97, 118 , 249 , 262 , 264 , 298 , 366 , 469
hallucinogenic seeds (hisiomö) , 356 , 362 –63
Hames, Raymond, 425 –26, 437 –38, 454 , 455 , 493 , 494 , 496
Hamilton, William D., 9 , 378 , 386 , 474 , 486 , 487
inclusive fitness theory of, 383 , 388 , 395 , 409 , 464
hammocks, 21 , 26 , 60 , 62 , 70 , 78 , 80 , 84 , 88 , 97 , 121 , 122 , 149 –51, 154 , 158 –59, 190 –91, 264 –65
vine, 85 , 89 , 92 , 93 , 150
Haoyaböwei-teri, 376 , 414 , 425 –26
harpy eagle (mohomö) , 234 –35
Harris, Marvin, 29 –31, 224 , 378 , 386 , 387 –90, 394 , 409 , 476 , 481
Harvard University, 199 , 381 , 487
Anthropology Department of, 384 , 441
Social Relations Department of, 398
Hashimo-teri massacre, 418 –22, 424 –25, 427
Salesian interference in, 418 –24
Hawaiian natives, 381
Heider, Karl, 219
Heisenberg principle, 474
hepatitis, 407
Hiakama, 289
Hill, Jane, 443 , 454 –55, 494
Hill, Kim, 456
Hioduwä, 488
Hiroshima bombing, 33 , 197 –98, 206
HIV/AIDS, 441
Hobbes, Thomas, 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 231
Homo sapiens, 207 –8, 217 , 327 , 382 , 388 , 410
honeybees, 165 , 166 , 262 , 414 , 415
honey mead, 165
Höräta River, 114
Hrdy, Sarah, 454 –55
Hubemi, 280
Human Behavior and Evolution Society (HBES), 395 , 482
humanities, 398
human nature:
biology and, 28 –30, 383 , 384
law and politics in, 10 –12
scientific approach to, 31
security and, 7 –9
sociality and, 9 –11, 29
Human Nature, 455
hunter-gatherers, 6 , 71 , 231 , 295 , 296 , 298 –99, 306 , 307 , 310 , 480
hunting camps, 75
huts (yanos) , 75
Iban of Borneo (Sarawak), 295
Idahiwä, 161
Iglesias, Hermano, 103 , 104 –5
with impunity, 227
proscription of, 218 , 227 , 316 , 323 , 325
India, 42
infanticide, 13 , 233 , 242 –46
by fathers, 244 –45
female, 223 , 242 –43
genes and, 388 , 389 , 390
methods of, 243 –45
by mothers, 242 , 243 –46
insects, 123 –25, 171 , 173 , 182 –83
parasitic, 183
see also specific insects
International Committee Against Racism (InCAR), 387
International Genetic Epidemiology Society, 444
Irons, William, 383 , 385 , 386 , 391 , 440 , 444 , 446 , 484 , 487 , 492 –93
Isla Ratón, 112
Iwahikoroba-teri, 144 , 146 , 160 , 279 –80, 282 –83, 286 –93, 364 , 367 –68, 416 , 448 , 479
Iyäwei-teri, 102 , 110 –11, 114 , 116 , 179 , 261 –65, 282 , 488
Jaguar River (Örata kä) , 192 , 283 , 290
jaguars, 22 , 87 , 190 –92, 310
Janks family, 111
Jean Rouch Film Festival, 405
Jefferson, Thomas, 35
Johns Hopkins University, 415
José (son of Helena Valero), 265 , 266
Journal of Theoretical Biology, 9
Judeo-Christian heritage, 232
Kaminsky, Boris, 193 –94, 196 –97
Kaobawä, 69 –70, 74 –76, 79 –80, 84 –86, 88 –89, 92 , 94 , 96 –97, 136 –38, 182 , 263 , 273 , 340 –41, 352 , 357 , 370
NC’s relationship with, B., 357 , 373
Karawatari, 59 , 308 –9, 310 , 432 , 481
Karina, 140 –51, 141 , 153 –54, 156 –74, 168 , 471
Karohi-teri, 40 –41
Katz, Samuel, 445
Kedebaböwei kä River, 376
Kedebaböwei-teri, 376 , 413 –17, 485
Kennedy, John F., 232
killers of men (unokais) , 91 –94, 93 , 96 , 273 –77, 313 , 337 , 346 –51, 352 , 448 –49
wives and offspring of, 275 –77, 275 , 276
kin selection theory, 388 , 390 , 409 , 463
kinship relations, 9 –11, 18 , 20 , 26 , 47 –52, 218 , 221 , 314 –33, 380 –81
closeness and remoteness in, 207 , 307 , 380
coalitions in, 332
dismissal of importance of, 380 –81
“f statistic” or inbreeding coefficient in, 206 –7, 208
lineal vs. cognatic descent in, 329 –31, 330
marriage vs., 208
non-kin social institutions vs., 380
patrilineal, 49 , 314 –18, 320 , 327 –29, 334 –35, 339 –40, 353
in primitive societies, 206 –8, 314 –33
quantitative measure of, 380
social amity and solidarity in, 208 –9, 315 , 324 , 337 , 380 , 383
structuralist approach to, 208 , 326
see also Yanomamö, kinship system of
Kobariwä-teri, 300
Kobenawä, Davi, 429 , 432 –33, 449
Kohoroshitari, 266 , 308 , 310 , 432
Konata, 303
Konoreiwä, 89 –91
Koshirowä-teri, 262 –65
Koshland, Daniel, 392
Kreiböwei-teri, 273 , 448 , 478
Krihisiwä, 339 –40, 342 –46, 348 –51, 349 , 484 , 485
conversation of NC and, 348 –50
killings of, 348 –50
Kroeber, A. L., 323
Kumamawä, 47
Kuripako Indians, 44
Lamphere, Louise, 439 –40, 442 , 494
Lancaster, Jane, 455
Larson, Gary, 347 –48
Larson, Gordon, 219 –20
Layrisse, Miguel, 34 , 35 , 36 , 105 , 201 , 281
Lee, Richard, 333
Lengua Geral language, 266
Leviathan (Hobbes), 8
Levirate custom, 74
Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 121 , 208 , 318 , 326
Levitt, Norman, 400
Lewis and Clark, 35
Livingston, Frank, 33
Lizot, Jacques, 204 , 407 , 408 , 423 –24, 446 , 474
log rafts, 162
London, 410
Lower Bisaasi-teri, 16 , 59 , 66 , 111 , 113 –16, 134 , 340 –41
MacClure, Jean, 206
Machiavelli, Niccolò, 98 , 339
Machiguenga village, 456 –57
McLennan, John, 31
maggots, 124
Magical Death (film), 485
Mahekodo-teri, 110 , 111 , 113 , 115 –16, 210 , 212 –13, 268 , 273 , 340 , 447 –48, 465 , 470 , 477
Maiquetia, 263
malaria, 1 –3, 100 , 237 , 377
Malaysia, 343
Mamiköniniwä, 271
Mamoheböwei-teri, 147
Manaus, 204 –5
Man the Hunter (Lee and DeVore), 333
Marcano, Teodardo, 415 –16, 490
Mari, Antonio, 433
Marlowe, Frank, 453
by capture, 13 , 20 , 31 , 95
compulsory bride service (siohamou) in, 41 , 60 , 132 , 134 , 239
constraints and obligations of, 41 , 48 , 50 , 51 , 60 , 95 , 233 –39, 322 –23, 325 , 330 –31
of cousins, 324 –27, 331 –32
divorce and, 48 , 234 , 235 , 239
early, 235 , 239
families and, 318 –20, 319 , 327 –28, 337
giving of female kin in, 50 , 51 , 95 , 221 , 317 , 318 , 320 , 324 , 331
ideal model of, 319 –22, 319 , 324
kinship vs., 208
negotiation of, 324
patrilineal male relatives and, 49 , 314 –18, 320 , 324 , 328
polyandrous, 48 , 316
polygynous, 48 –49, 57 , 64 , 74 , 217 , 224 , 243 , 314 , 316 , 322 , 329 , 331 –32, 333 , 339 , 482
reciprocal exchanges in, 208 , 320 , 321 –22, 321 , 323 –24, 325 , 328 , 340
regulation of, 322 –26
respective ages at, 235 , 236
romantic love and, 322 , 482
sequence of spouses in, 48
status in, 217
successful, 49
universality of, 235 , 238 –39
Marshall, John, 405
Martins, Leda, 431 , 432 , 434 , 456 , 490 , 493 –94, 496
Marx, Karl, 26
Marxism, 31 , 53 , 54 , 338 , 381 , 387 , 476
Matakuwä (“Shinbone”), 57
descendants of, 317 , 327 –31, 330
Matos, Cecilia, 411 –12, 444 , 489 , 492
Matowä, 68 , 69 –70, 271 , 468
avenging of, 86 , 88 , 96 –97
killing of, 73 –74, 88 , 94 , 97 , 271 , 335 , 346 –47
kin of, 74 , 80 , 83 , 85 , 88 , 91 , 96 –97
Matthiessen, Peter, 39
Mavaca, 4 , 36 , 44 , 49 , 58 , 99 , 103 , 112 –17, 174 , 209 –13, 292
NC’s family in, 106 , 118 –29
Mavaca River, 4 , 16 –17, 59 , 70 , 72 , 73 , 110 –11, 116 , 118 , 120 , 125 , 134 –38, 142 –44, 149 , 152 , 158 –61, 166 –72, 177 –79, 189 –94, 272 , 279 –80, 291 –92, 307 , 368 , 374 , 376 , 413 –14
Mavakita, 376 , 414 , 417 , 425
Maybury-Lewis, David, 33 , 199 , 398 , 441 , 442 , 483 , 494
Maybury-Lewis, Pia, 441
Maynard-Smith, John, 463 , 478
Mead, Margaret, 347 –48, 384 , 386 , 475
measles, 140
allegations against NC in spread of, 140 , 438 , 443 –45
deaths from, 213 , 447
1968 epidemic of, 203 –5, 209 –13, 213 , 377 , 393 –94, 438 , 443 –47, 450 , 471
Padre Sanchez and spread of, 211 –13, 471
symptoms of, 205 , 211 , 212
vaccination for, 203 –4, 209 –12, 443 , 445 , 447 , 450
meat distribution, 254 , 366 –67
medicine (mönasönö) , 90 –91, 354 –55
Michigan, University of, 54 , 155 , 179 , 206 , 219 , 360 , 391 , 465 –66
Anthropology Department of, 9 , 18 , 28 –30, 33 , 140 , 383 , 395
IVIC biomedical research project with, 409 , 410
NC’s faculty position at, 36 –37, 197 , 199
Rackham School of Graduate Studies of, 140
Michigan, University of, Medical School, 189 , 198 , 280
Human Genetics Department of, 33 , 36 –37, 105 , 140 , 192 , 197 , 199
Pediatrics Department of, 204
Mishimishimaböwei-teri, 131 –32, 134 –35, 138 , 140 , 143 –44, 154 –68, 175 , 190 –91, 218 , 260 –61, 267 , 273 , 279 –80, 282 –83, 287 , 292 –93, 309 , 317 , 351 –53, 357 –58, 373 –76, 375 , 405 , 413
missionaries, 3 , 4 , 6 , 17 , 21 , 23 , 38 , 42 , 44 , 128 , 156 , 166 , 170 –74, 245 , 257 , 298
Catholic, 51 , 99 –116, 153 , 179 , 203 , 204 , 205 , 209 –13, 340 , 380 , 393 , 396
competition among, 108 –13, 203 , 213
evangelical, 16 , 23 , 35 , 39 , 44 , 51 , 99 –100, 107 –13, 115 , 153 , 172 –73, 179 , 203 , 204 –5, 213 , 230 –31, 300 , 340 , 464
radio broadcasts of, 170 –71, 172 –73
see also Dawson Mission; New Tribes Mission; Salesian Mission
Mission Aviation Fellowship (Alas de Socorro), 108
Missouri River, 215
Möawä, 147 , 151 , 156 , 268 , 351 –72, 359 , 486
attempt to kill NC by, 175 , 372
NC’s difficult relations with, 351 , 354 –58, 363 –72
tyrannical authority of, 151 , 167 , 351 –60, 363 –66, 369 –71
violence of, 274 , 351 –52, 356
Mömariböwei-teri, 59 –66, 72 , 79 , 115 , 131 –34, 140 , 152 , 191 , 260 –61, 347 , 471
monkeys, 184 –87
black (wisha) , 184 –86
capuchin (howashi) , 185
Indian macaque, 243
red howler (iro) , 184 –85
spider (basho) , 184 , 187
Monou-teri, 68 –74, 76 –77, 77 , 89 , 94 –98, 132 , 467
Morgan, John, 217
mortuary ceremony (reahu) , 74 , 262 , 264 , 362 , 365 –67, 369
mud-and-thatch huts, 3 , 15 , 16 , 21 , 23 , 36 , 100 , 103 , 116 , 118 –21, 124 –27
raised storage areas (trojas) in, 120 –23, 123 , 126 –27
Munze family, 105
Murdock, George Peter, 315 , 483
Nagasaki bombing, 33 , 197 –98, 206
Nakabaimi, 52
animal and food, 56
changing of, 69
of children, 48 , 52 , 54 , 116
derogatory, 57 , 66
duplication of, 57
family, 406
multiple, 56 –57, 132
NC’s recording of, 46 , 47 , 49 , 57 –60, 63 –66, 142 , 156 –57
Spanish, 406
taboo, 50 , 52 –57, 66 , 67 , 288 , 416 , 448 , 467
village, 49 , 59 , 132
Namowei-teri, 303 , 308 , 331 , 478
Nanokawä, 353
National Academy of Science, 444 , 452 , 495
National Geographic, 13
National Geographic Society, 176 , 177 –78
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 32 , 33 , 105 , 198 –99, 390 , 437 , 465
National Science Foundation (NSF), 391 , 398 –99, 437 , 465
Native Americans, 34 , 43 , 45 , 201 , 214 –16, 266 , 291 , 472
missionary efforts with, 380 , 470
reservation living forced upon, 380
U.S. wars with, 380
native tribes, 380
acculturation and depopulation of, 8 , 380 –81
ancestry of, 43
capture of, for domestic work, 44
diet of, 25 , 43
epidemics introduced into, 203 –5, 209 –13, 213 , 377 , 380 , 381
European captives of, 216
genetic variation among, 33
ideal models of, 326
marriage by capture in, 13 , 20 , 31
massacres by, 214 –16
maximizing access to material resources by, 28 , 30 , 217
nomadic, 215 , 386
nutritional deficiencies of, 215
scalping by, 215
social and political organization among, 217 –18, 223 , 224
social complexity of, 95
struggles over material resources of, 337 –38
uncontacted, 130 , 147
wars over women among, 214 , 216 –22, 224 –25
“wild” vs.“acculturated,” 39 , 44 , 60 , 220
see also specific tribes
Natural History, 13
natural sciences, 398
Neel, James V., 17 , 33 –36, 105 , 140 , 196 –204, 202 , 206 , 455 , 465
allegations against, 438 , 440 , 442 –46, 449 , 453 , 472
biomedical research of, 196 , 197 –204, 280 –82
collaboration of NC and, 196 , 198 –204, 206 , 210 –12, 280 –82, 360 , 363 , 393 , 479 , 483
death of, 440 , 446
vaccination program of, 210 –12, 443 , 445 , 450
see also Stone Age
New Guinea, 109
Grand Valley of, 219
Highlands tribes of, 219 –20, 473
New Tribes Mission, 16 , 23 , 39 , 44 , 99 –100, 107 –13, 115 , 170 –71, 172 –73, 203 , 204 , 213 , 261 , 262 , 282 , 304 , 340 , 421 , 428 , 447 , 464
New York Times, 424 , 431 , 452 –53, 489 , 493 , 496
Noble Savage concept, 7 , 8 , 232 , 275 , 463 , 474
Noguera, Juan Eduardo, 267
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), 393 , 433 –34, 435 –36, 441
Nonokama, 414
North Dakota, 215
Northwestern University, 390 , 440
Feinberg School of Medicine of, 454
Ocamo, 4 , 58 , 99 –101, 107 –8, 112 –13, 116 –17, 128 , 196 –97, 202 , 209 –11, 292
Ocamo is My Town (Chagnon and Asch), 471
Ocamo River, 4 , 110 –11, 179 , 196 , 204 , 261 , 281
Ocamo-teri, see Iyäwei-teri
O Estado de São Paulo, 434
O Globo, 433
Onassis, Aristotle, 232
Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 232
Örasiyaborewä, 416
Orinoco Adventure (Acebes), 448
Orinoco River, 4 , 15 , 16 –17, 35 , 41 , 43 –44, 89 , 92 , 109 –13, 115 , 118 , 131 , 136 , 160 , 162 , 177 –80, 192 –93, 210 , 268 , 273 , 302 –3, 305 –8, 310 , 313 , 368 , 407 , 448 , 481
flooding of, 305 –6
Raudal Guaharibo rapids of, 180 , 470
Upper, 205 , 470
Padamo River, 110 , 230 , 261 , 262 , 305
Paleolithic era, 98 , 146 , 229 , 232 , 295 , 315 , 316
Palo Negro, 128 –29
Papania, Mark, 445
parakeets, 117
Parima Highlands, 177 , 187 , 192 , 199 , 282 , 294 , 301 –4, 308 , 418 –21
Paris, 405
Parke-Davis pharmaceuticals, 203
Paruiwä (Hontonawä), 114
Patanowä-teri, 68 –82, 77 , 86 –88, 91 , 94 , 97 –98, 115 , 132 , 142 –44, 147 , 160 , 179 –80, 210 , 212 , 265 , 268 –69, 272 , 293 , 302 , 308 , 317 , 339 –40, 345 –47, 447 , 468 , 478 , 484
Dorita-teri faction of, 350 –51
Paul VI, Pope, 103
PBS television, 408 –10
peach palm trees, 345 –46
Peacock, James, 442 –44, 454 , 494
peccary, 186 –87
large-collared (wara) , 186 –87
white-lipped (boshe) , 187 , 284 –85
Pedro, Hermano, 112
Pennsylvania State University:
Anthropology Department at, 383
NC’s position at, 360 , 383 , 391
Pérez, Carlos Andrés, 411 –13, 429 , 444 , 489 , 492
Pico da Neblina, 266
Pinker, Steven, 464
plantains, 148 , 161 , 188 , 196 , 262 , 284 , 295 –97, 299 –300
Platanal, 4 , 110 , 112 –13, 115 , 205 , 210 –13, 268 , 340 , 447
Ploeg, Anton, 473
Pocaterra, Nohely, 440
poisonous snake (arowari) , 88 , 125 –26, 140 , 188 –89, 220 , 229 , 310
politically important men (browähäwäs) , 341
politics:
human nature and, 10 –12
philosophy of, 8
science of, 8
village, 49 , 53 –55, 63
Portuguese language, 266 , 269
pre-raid ritual (wayu itou) , 82 –86, 83 , 293
Price, Michael, 444
Prince, The (Machiavelli), 98
psychology, 333 , 338 , 382 , 383
evolutionary, 229
social, 29
Puerto Ayacucho, 15 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 112 , 128 , 408 , 421 –22, 478
purification ritual (unokaimou) , 91 –92, 233 –35
Rakoiwä, 340
Ramos, Alcida, 396 , 434 , 436 , 453 , 494
Rappaport, Roy A., 395 –96, 397
Rashawä, 56
rats, 122 –23
Rerebawä, 40 –42, 41 , 72 , 115 –16, 173 –74, 180 , 189 –90, 257 –58, 284 , 288 , 291 , 361 –62, 364 , 371 –72
respiratory infections, 417 , 456
Reyaboböwei-teri, 72 , 79 , 131 –35, 139 , 152 , 161
Rio de Janeiro, 434
Rio Negro River, 177 , 205 , 211 , 261 , 312
Ritchie, Mark, 230 –31, 262 , 263 –65, 474 , 477
River of the Parakeets (Shukumöna-kä) , 192 –94, 399
see also Siapa River
river otters, 128 –29
Roche, Marcel, 204 , 209 –11, 410 , 489
Roman Catholic Church, 103 , 107 –8, 428 , 469
see also missionaries, Catholic
Roosen, Gustavo, 413
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 7 , 8 –9, 21 , 229
Ruby, Jay, 444
Ruwahiwä, 268 –72, 274 , 317 , 351 , 477
Sahlins, Marshall D., 29 , 338 , 378 , 381 , 382 , 395 , 484 , 486
Salamone, Frank, 428 –30, 446 , 492 –93
Salesian Mission, 6 , 99 –105, 103 , 106 –16, 153 , 203 , 204 , 205 , 209 –13, 261 , 266 , 268 , 292 , 376 –77, 413 –20, 422
measles epidemic and, 211 –13, 446 –47
nuns of, 209 , 377 , 405 , 407 , 408 , 410 –11, 446 –47
political power of, 107 , 108 , 109 , 418 –27
relationship of NC and, 374 , 376 , 378 –80, 404 –8, 410 , 415 , 417 –30, 436 –37
shotguns, tools and clothing provided to Yanomamö by, 113 –16, 257 –58, 263 , 340 , 379 , 393 , 407 , 424 , 426
sinister side of, 103 –5, 113 –16, 415 , 418 –22
Yanomamö children taught by, 112 –13, 414 –15
Salzano, Francisco, 199
and spread of measles, 211 –13, 471
Sanders, William, 383
Sanema Indians, see Waika Indians
Santa Barbara, 110
São Paulo, 434
Säsäwä, 477
Savage and the Innocent, The (Maybury-Lewis), 441
Sawyer, Diane, 412
Scheper-Hughes, Nancy, 400 , 401 , 453
Science, 396
NC’s 1988 article in, 273 –78, 392 –95, 397 , 410 , 434 , 447 , 448 –49, 488
sea serpent (raharas) , 135 –38
Selfish Gene, The (Dawkins), 386
Service, Elman R., 29 , 206 –7
sewage systems, 25
sex ratio studies, 223 –24
Shabreiwä, 140
Shadadama, 284
Shamatari, 59 –61, 72 , 73 , 78 –79, 113 , 131 –40, 144 –47, 178 , 244 , 268 –73, 282 , 303 , 308 –10, 317 , 328 , 331 , 361 , 374 , 441 , 470
Shanishani River, 180 , 210 , 307 , 308 , 310 , 312 –13
Shiimima, 89 –90
Shiitawä, 64 –65
Shinahewä, 74
shortwave radios, 101 , 127 , 128 , 156 , 164 , 210 , 211 –12
Shukumöna River, 134 –35, 149 , 157
Siapa Basin, 399
Siapa River, 24 , 193 –96, 303 , 308 , 310 , 312 , 373 , 431 , 448 , 485
Sibarariwä, 131 –35, 137 , 139 –42, 144 –45, 147 –48, 150 –51, 154 –56, 155 , 158 , 161 , 170 , 272 –73, 317 , 360 –64, 367 , 369 , 372 –76, 471 , 485
NC’s relationship with, 373 –75, 416
Siberian tribes, 53
sickle-cell anemia, 33
Silverberg, James, 386
Siriono of Bolivia, 299
Skomal, Susan, 427 –28
Slate, 445
Smith, Gare, 435 –37
Smithsonian Institution, 386 , 388
Social Conquest of Earth, The (Wilson), 463
Social Contract, The (Rousseau), 7 , 463
socialism, 53
social sciences, 217 , 338 , 381 , 385 , 398
Social Structure (Murdock), 315
sociobiology, 209 , 229 , 386 , 390 –92, 482
anthropological opposition to, 382 –92, 402 , 445
debates about, 385 –90
NC’s promotion of, 427 , 443 , 448
Sociobiology (Wilson), 282 –83, 381 –82, 384 , 402 , 486
South Dakota, 214 –15
Southern California, 257
South Vietnam, 36
Spanish conquistadors, 216
Spanish language, 17 , 21 , 37 , 39 , 43 , 44 , 102 , 112 , 120 , 204 , 266
Spencer, Herbert, 29
spiders, 124
Spirit of the Rainforest (Ritchie), 230 –31, 262 , 263 –65
Sponsel, Leslie, 438 –40, 445 –46, 450 , 455 –56
Spuhler, James, 33
State Department, U.S., 435 –37
status:
female, 55 , 239
fights over, 222
male, 55 , 91 –95, 93 , 217 , 251 , 254
patrilineal lineage and, 49 , 94 –95
Stone Age, 7 –8, 74 , 82 , 197 , 229 , 317 , 322 , 338
Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL), 219
Suriname, 178
Survival International, 441 , 488
food, 92
sexual, 92 , 233 –34, 235 , 237 –39, 240 , 316
against twins, 243
see also names, taboo
Tama Tama, 16 , 44 , 60 , 100 , 115 , 204 –5, 448 , 470 , 471
tapir (shama) , 186 , 187 , 281 –82, 343 –45
taxonomy, 381
temporary huts (yanos) , 147 –48, 284
Ten Commandments, 232
terrorism, 7
Tierney, Patrick, 430 –31, 432 –33, 438 –40, 442 –52, 454 –57, 480 , 490 , 493 –94, 496
Time, 439
Times (London), 424
tobacco, 19 , 21 , 126 , 174 , 254 , 269 , 286 , 300 , 349 , 362 –63, 370 –72
Toototobi River, 203
trade goods (madohe) , 131 , 132 , 135 , 145 , 155 –56, 158 , 159 , 181 , 283 , 356 , 360 , 363 , 415 , 425 , 444 , 470 –71
Tupi language, 266
Turner, Terence, 426 –28, 429 , 438 –40, 441 , 445 –46, 450 , 455 –56, 492 , 493 –94, 496
Turon, Jaime, 451 –52
United States, 7 , 16 , 22 , 23 , 106 , 176
divorce rates of, 234
Great Plains of, 214 –16
Louisiana Territory in, 35
Southwest of, 380
Vietnam War and, 36
Universal, 410
Unturan Mountains, 194 –95, 303 , 313 , 482
Upper Bisaasi-teri, 16 –20, 59 , 66 , 75 , 100 , 111 , 134 , 210
Upper Shanishani River, 261 , 272
Use and Abuse of Biology, The: An Anthropological Critique of Sociobiology (Sahlins), 382
Ushubiriwä, 414 –17, 490 , 491
Valero, Helena, 244 –45, 265 –71, 478
repatriation of, 261 , 265 , 266 –67
Yanomamö capture of, 244 , 265 , 266 , 432
Yanomamö husbands of, 265 , 267 –71
Velasco, Ignacio, 419 –20, 423 –24, 426 –27
Velásquez, Ramón, 418 , 424 , 427
Venezuela, 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 , 15 –17, 32 , 34 –36, 99 –108, 140
air travel in, 106 , 107 –8, 127 –29, 192 –95, 196 –97, 202 , 209 , 211 , 420 –22
census taking in, 224
charges against NC for “destabilization” of, 433
health and medical community in, 435
Maiquetía International Airport in, 421
maps of, 176 –79, 194 , 303
native rights movement in, 440
Rio Negro area of, 44 , 177 , 205 , 211 , 266 , 267
Territorio Federal Amazonas region in, 35 , 108 , 418 , 428 , 491
threatened military coup in, 419 , 421 –22, 491 –92
Venezuelan Air Force, 107 , 197 , 422 , 491 –92
Venezuelan Indian Commission (OCAI), 408 –11, 413 , 446 , 470 , 475 –76
Venezuelan Law of the Missions (1915), 109 , 112 , 424
Venezuelan Malarialogía, 1 –3, 15 , 17 , 21 , 44 , 100 , 112 , 128 , 153 , 180 , 230 , 466 , 471
Venezuelan Massacre Investigation Commission, 418 –21, 424 –25, 427
Venezuelan military, 205 , 210 , 424
Venezuelan Ministry of Education, 413
Venezuelan National Guard, 104
Venezuelan police, 263
Venezuelan Research Institute (IVIC), 100 –101, 105 , 116 , 128 , 281 , 470 , 489
Michigan biomedical research project with, 409 , 410
Venezuelan/French expedition organized by, 204 , 209 –10, 407
Ventuari River, 109
Vietnam War, 36
Virginia, University of, 401
Wadoshewä, 161
Waiteri Complex (Fierceness Complex), 243
Wakarabewä, 44 , 45 , 60 , 134 –35, 139 –40
Wakewä, 291
Wakupatawä, 47
Walker, Phillip, 257 , 473 , 494
Ward, Ryk, 282 –85, 287 –92, 480
Washäwä River, 271 –72, 289 , 307 , 312
Washäwä-teri, 416 –17
Washburn, Sherry, 382
Wayuú Indians, 440
White, Leslie A., 29 –30
Wilbert, Johannes, 34 , 35 , 465
wild turkeys (paruri) , 146 , 173 , 187 , 284 , 286 , 344 –45
Williams, George C., 378 , 383 , 386 , 464 , 487
Wilson, David Sloan, 464
Wilson, Edward O., 378 , 381 –89, 463 –64, 486
anthropological opposition to, 382 , 387 –88, 402 , 445
Wolf, Eric R., 29
women:
abduction of, 214 , 216 , 217
competition for, 214 , 216 –17, 232
see also Yanomamö women
World War II, 109 , 197 , 198 , 219
Allied forces in, 102 –3
Axis forces in, 102 –3
W. W. Norton, 451
Xavante (Shavante) Indians, 33 , 199 , 441
Yababuji, 17
Yamirawä, 328
Yanomamö: A Multidisciplinary Study (film), 476
Yanomamö Indians, 32
advocacy groups for, 205 , 376 , 393 , 394 , 411 –13
avariciousness and begging of, 132 –33, 135 , 139 , 369 , 415
birth defects of, 244
body painting of, 19 , 62 , 70 , 82 , 85 , 153 , 256 , 300 , 348
ceremony and drama important to, 62 , 73 –74, 80 –84
chanting of, 118 , 341 , 369 , 375
cooking by, 184 , 186 , 187
cremation of the dead by, 257 , 262 , 374 –76
dancing of, 13 , 249
deaths of, 18 , 56 , 73 –74, 83 , 100 , 113 –16, 188 , 201 , 220 , 346 –51, 379 , 397 , 407 –8, 416 –17
demographic aspects of, 1 , 10 , 12 , 31 , 113 –16, 200 –201, 206 , 223 –24, 246 , 407 –8, 424
diaspora of, 294 , 301 –4
diet of, 25 , 45 , 71 , 79 –80, 161 , 172 , 182 –87, 214 –15, 295 –300, 343 –44, 409 , 476
directional and navigational sense of, 181 , 182
divorce rates of, 234
dogs owned by, 20 , 51 , 269 –70, 342
ethnic and cultural diversity among, 59 –61
expansion from mountains to lowlands by, 43 , 294 , 303 , 304 –6, 312
expression of distance by, 180 –81
folk beliefs of, 90
as “foot people” vs. “river people,” 164 , 170
game hunting of, 177 , 180 –88, 231 , 297 , 310 , 315 , 343 –45
genetic descent of, 48 –49, 51 , 52 , 53 –54, 57 , 113 , 133 , 182 , 199 –200, 206 , 294 , 303 , 314 –18, 380
geographical information supplied by, 192 –95
geographical knowledge of, 399
gradual incorporation into society of, 406
grief of, 56 , 75 , 80 , 97 , 120 , 374 –76, 467
hair of, 44 , 46 –47, 62 , 186 , 286
hallucinogenic drugs used by, 19 –20, 96 –97, 118 , 249 , 262 , 264 , 298 , 356 , 366 –67, 469
humor and mischief of, 46 –47, 56 , 65 –67, 147 –48, 167 , 170 , 186 , 369
ideal social model of, 318
identification papers required of, 406
illnesses and diseases of, 100 , 127 , 201 , 203 –5, 209 –13, 213 , 223 , 237 , 374 –75, 377 , 397 , 407 , 415 –17
infanticide practiced by, 13 , 223 , 233 , 242 –46, 388 –90
informants and guides hired by NC among, 57 –59, 63 , 65 , 75 , 115 –16, 120 , 123 –24, 126 , 133 , 138 –70, 180 , 191 –92, 210 , 218 , 223 , 236 , 241 , 262
isolation of, 1 –4, 6 , 12 , 15 –16, 38 –39, 43 , 197 , 394 , 432 , 441 , 485
kinship system of, 18 , 20 , 44 , 47 –52, 56 –60, 63 –65, 73 , 74 , 94 –95, 154 , 156 , 206 –9, 227 , 258 , 274 –75, 307 , 314 –32, 334 –35, 353 , 380 , 466 , 482
lack of government contact with, 1
loss of limbs by, 125 –26, 189
maintenance of independence and security by, 6 , 11 , 75 –77, 295 , 304 –7
material possessions of, 51 –52, 69 , 296 –99
measles epidemic among, 203 –5, 209 –13, 213 , 377 , 393 –94, 438 , 443 –47, 450 , 471
migration and relocation of, 192 , 266 , 294 , 301 –4, 301 , 308 –10, 312 , 409 , 447
minimal or no clothing worn by, 44 , 114 –15, 125 , 286 , 296 –97
nasal mucus on faces of, 15 , 19 –20, 19 , 21 , 100 , 126
NC discouraged from visiting other tribes by, 132 –38, 181
NC examined by, 21 –22, 151 –53
NC’s first encounter with, 18 –21, 26 , 38 –39, 44
NC’s medical treatment of, 90 –91, 229 , 354 –55
“numbers” unknown to, 181
older vs. younger, 53 , 54 –55, 57 , 238 , 241 –42
personal histories of, 181 –82, 294
physical appearance and demeanor of, 19 –21, 19 , 21 –22, 27 , 44 –45, 45
population numbers of, 130 , 306 , 307 –8, 309
reaction to strangers by, 50 –52, 57 , 118 , 149 –52
rumormongering among, 248 –49, 250 –51, 254
sanctions for lawbreaking by, 335 –36, 345 , 346 , 351
self-confidence and indifference of, 38 –39
sexuality of, 46 –47, 232 –42
social and political organization of, 11 –12, 18 , 26 , 47 –55, 63 –67, 79 , 86 , 294 , 314 –76, 467
Spanish names assigned to, 406
status system of, 53 –55, 91 –94, 93 , 217 , 251 , 254
steel tools of, 58 , 230 , 261 , 340 , 467 , 471
storytelling of, 231 , 294
supernatural beliefs and myths of, 45 , 50 , 52 , 61 , 118 , 135 –38, 201 , 220 , 222 , 231 , 336
threatened way of life and lands of, 205 , 293 , 435
tongue clicks and gasps of, 116 –17, 137 –38, 151
transition of, from “primitive” to “complex,” 6 , 12 , 295
use of fire by, 87 , 97
weapons made by, 45 –46, 60 , 62 , 82 , 85 , 122 –23, 123 , 249 , 296 , 342
Yanomamö language, 3 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 21 , 44 , 102 , 110 , 121 –22, 266 , 418
dialects in, 203 , 267 , 420
insults in, 47 , 57 , 186 , 366 –67
kinship terms in, 50 –51, 132 , 287 , 325 –26, 328
listening to conversations in, 40 , 41 , 52
NC’s study of, 39 –43, 45 –47, 52 , 65 , 131 , 135 , 180 , 201
Ocamo dialect in, 267
Shamatari dialect in, 267
taboo words and names in, 46 –47, 50 , 52 –57, 66 , 67
verbs in, 174
words for life stages in, 54 –55
see also names
Yanomamö men:
acquisition of wives by, 13 , 20 , 31 , 60 , 64
anger and violence of, 47 , 55 , 68 –70, 82 , 228 –32, 235 , 243 –44, 247 –53, 260 , 410 , 441
climbing trees by, 345 –46, 345
coalitions of, 323 , 332
fierceness (waiteri) of, 225 , 227 , 256 , 271 , 324 , 336 , 475
fighting over women by, 26 –28, 30 , 65 , 68 –71, 132 , 186 , 207 , 218 –22, 224 , 231 –32, 235 , 316 , 333 , 338
high mortality rates among, 235 , 243
homosexuality among, 240
importance of courage to, 86 , 141 –42, 249 , 263 , 271 , 341
“mate guarding” and paternity concerns of, 207 , 218 –19, 235 , 327
penises tied to waist strings by, 54 , 55 , 82 , 286 , 296 , 467
ratio of women to, 223 –24, 242 –43, 473 , 475
reproductive success of, 314 , 316 –18, 324 , 328 –31, 330 , 393 , 394 , 410
sexuality of, 69 –70, 92 , 218 , 233 –36, 240 , 241 –42, 468 –69
status of, 55 , 91 –95, 93 , 217 , 251 , 254
see also marriage; Yanomamö warfare
Yanomamö Survival Fund, 441
Yanomamö territory, 15 –17, 35 –36, 43 –44, 266
Ecological Zones Model of, 302 –3, 302 , 306
fertile crescent of, 261 , 309 –11, 312 , 313 , 317 , 334 –35, 481
mapping of, 176 –79
Yanomamö: The Last Days of Eden (Chagnon), 428 , 438 , 464
Yanomamö villages, 1 , 3 –6, 5 , 15 –20, 24 , 25 , 40 –41, 110 –11
communal dwellings (shabonos) in, 18 –19, 62 , 68 , 71 –72, 75 –76, 76 , 78 , 80 , 82 , 84 , 86 , 89 , 92 , 96 –97, 100 , 102 , 111 , 114 , 121 –22, 143 , 148 , 151 , 167 , 185 , 194 , 199 , 249 , 254 –55, 260 , 307 , 415 –16
establishment of, 49
fissioning of, 26 , 68 –72, 199 , 208 , 218 , 222 , 227 –28, 262 , 268 , 272 , 294 –95, 301 , 303 , 309 , 310 , 316 , 340 , 352 –53, 432
headmen and chiefs of, 11 , 50 , 51 –53, 64 –70, 78 , 98 , 115 , 131 –35, 146 , 154 –56, 226 , 227 , 229 , 250 , 257 –58, 311 , 312 , 334 –76, 425 –26, 468
histories of, 49 , 59 , 75 , 98 , 133 , 182 , 294
inbreeding in, 243
moving to, 40 –41, 75 –76, 218
names of, 49 , 68 –69, 132 , 179 , 267
palisades fortification of, 215 , 336 , 342 –43, 353
pecking order among, 351
politics and social complexity of, 49 , 53 –55, 63 , 311 –13, 334 –76
refugee, 313 , 313
relationships among, 49 , 59 –61, 62 –64, 69 , 74 –76, 133 –34, 225 –28, 300 , 305 , 307 , 336 , 340
relative sizes of, 49 , 76 , 93 , 220 , 225 –26, 227 , 301 , 305 , 306 , 311 , 315 , 336 , 393 , 484
social circumscription of, 311 –13
travel between, 59 –62, 67 , 142 –50, 180 –81
uncontacted, 1 , 412
visits and alliances among, 225 –26, 305
warfare among, 6 , 8 , 11 , 12 , 20 , 26 –28, 30 , 38 , 56 , 61 , 68 –98, 132 , 134 , 218 , 221 –22, 233 –34, 247 –78, 305 , 307 , 339 –41, 346 –51
see also Brazil, Yanomamö villages in
Yanomamö warfare, 247 –78, 392 –93, 410 , 476 –79
blood feud, 259 , 272 , 274
chest-pounding and side-slapping duels as, 247 , 250 –53, 251 , 346
with clubs, 253 –57, 259 , 316 , 346 , 476
deceit and subterfuge in, 259 –73, 350 , 352
feasting and trading associated with, 248 , 249 , 250 , 259 –61, 262 –63
injury and death in, 250 , 253 , 254 –60, 256
lethal raids and, 12 , 257 –73, 339 –45
planning and preparation for, 247 , 250 , 468
between villages, 6 , 8 , 11 , 12 , 20 , 26 –28, 30 , 38 , 56 , 61 , 68 –98, 132 , 134 , 218 , 221 –22, 233 –34, 247 –78, 305 , 307 , 339 –41, 346 –51
within villages, 336
weapons used in, 249 , 252 –59, 256 , 265 , 271 , 316
among women, 248 , 366 –67
over women, 26 –28, 30 , 65 , 68 –71, 132 , 186 , 207 , 218 –22, 224 , 231 –32, 235 , 316 , 333 , 338
women bystanders at, 248
wrestling and side-slapping melees as, 248 –49, 250 , 254
see also killers of men (unokais)
Yanomamö Warfare, Social Organization and Marriage Alliances (Chagnon), 465
abduction of, 13 , 20 , 31 , 68 –71, 79 , 95 , 133 , 140 , 179 , 207 , 220 , 225 –28, 259 –60, 273 , 280 , 313 , 372
deaths of, 229 –30
fighting by men for possession of, 26 –28, 30 , 65 , 68 –71, 132 , 186 , 207 , 218 –22, 224 , 231 –32, 235 , 316 , 333 , 338
fighting of, 248 , 366 –67
fleeing from home by, 228 , 244 –45, 474
hiding of, 219 , 226
infanticide by, 242 , 243 –46
menopausal, 241 , 314 , 362
menstruation of, 92 , 182 , 314 , 466
mistreatment and murder of, 207 , 218 , 220 , 228 –32
motherhood and breastfeeding of, 55 , 84 , 115 , 233 , 236 –38, 240 , 241 –42
multiple spouses of, 235 , 239
oldest category of, 238 , 241 –42
post-pubescent, 27 , 95 , 235
pregnancy of, 233 , 236 , 237 –38, 240
pre-pubescent, 233 –34, 238
rape of, 226 –27, 473
ratio of men to, 223 –24, 242 –43, 473 , 475
recovery raids for, 68 –75
scarcity of, 223 –24, 240 , 242 –43
seduction of, 69 –70, 132 , 207 , 219 , 254
sexuality and reproduction of, 13 , 27 , 134 –35, 218 , 233 –46, 314 , 316 –17, 323 , 324 , 482
status of, 55 , 239
water collected by, 342 –43
see also marriage
Yeisikorowä-teri, 190 –91, 361
Ye’kwana Indians, 3 , 16 , 34 , 35 , 106 –7, 109 , 164 , 165 , 172 –73, 178 , 196 , 204 , 268 , 298 , 376 , 451 , 466
ZDF television, 404 –5, 407 , 491
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Chagnon, Napoleon A., date.
Noble savages : my life among two dangerous tribes—the Yanomamö and the anthropologists / Napoleon Chagnon.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Yanomamö Indians. 2. Sociobiology. 3. Human behavior. 4. Social evolution. I. Title.
F2520.1.Y3.C49 2013
304.5—dc23 2012012413
ISBN 978-0-684-85510-3 (print)
ISBN 978-1-4516-1147-2 (eBook)
All photographs are courtesy of the author.